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¹Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services School of Medicine, Qom, and ²Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, and ³Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: smamishi@ sina.tums.ac.ir Impairment of cellular immunity related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection predisposes patients to opportunistic infections. In this report, we describe a 16-month-old boy with salmonella meningitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patient was referred to the Infectious Diseases Ward with a history of prolonged fever and refractory vomiting. In direct smear of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gram-negative bacillus was observed. Glucose and protein levels in CSF were 2 mg/dl and 890 mg/dl, respectively. Salmonella spp. was isolated from CSF and blood culture. HIV antibody titer by ELISA, western blot analysis, and HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test were performed and were positive for HIV. Despite the treatment, the patient did not respond and died one month later. Keywords : child, human immunodeficiency virus, salmonella meningitis